Version 2 (modified by 13 years ago) (diff) | ,
---|
Tracd
Tracd is a lightweight standalone Trac web server. It can be used in a variety of situations, from a test or development server to a multiprocess setup behind another web server used as a load balancer.
Pros
- Fewer dependencies: You don't need to install apache or any other web-server.
- Fast: Should be almost as fast as the mod_python version (and much faster than the CGI), even more so since version 0.12 where the HTTP/1.1 version of the protocol is enabled by default
- Automatic reloading: For development, Tracd can be used in auto_reload mode, which will automatically restart the server whenever you make a change to the code (in Trac itself or in a plugin).
Cons
- Fewer features: Tracd implements a very simple web-server and is not as configurable or as scalable as Apache httpd.
- No native HTTPS support: sslwrap can be used instead, or stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd or Apache with mod_proxy.
Usage examples
A single project on port 8080. (http://localhost:8080/)
$ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project
Stricly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than localhost only. To truly limit it use --hostname option.
$ tracd --hostname=localhost -p 8080 /path/to/project
With more than one project. (http://localhost:8080/project1/ and http://localhost:8080/project2/)
$ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
You can't have the last portion of the path identical between the projects since Trac uses that name to keep the URLs of the
different projects unique. So if you use /project1/path/to
and /project2/path/to
, you will only see the second project.
An alternative way to serve multiple projects is to specify a parent directory in which each subdirectory is a Trac project, using the -e
option. The example above could be rewritten:
$ tracd -p 8080 -e /path/to
To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use CTRL-BREAK
-- using CTRL-C
will leave a Python process running in the background.
Installing as a Windows Service
Option 1
To install as a Windows service, get the SRVANY utility and run:
C:\path\to\instsrv.exe tracd C:\path\to\srvany.exe reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py\" <your tracd parameters>" net start tracd
DO NOT use tracd.exe
. Instead register python.exe
directly with tracd-script.py
as a parameter. If you use tracd.exe
, it will spawn the python process without SRVANY's knowledge. This python process will survive a net stop tracd
.
If you want tracd to start automatically when you boot Windows, do:
sc config tracd start= auto
The spacing here is important.
Once the service is installed, it might be simpler to run the Registry Editor rather than use the reg add
command documented above. Navigate to:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters
Three (string) parameters are provided:
AppDirectory | C:\Python26\ |
Application | python.exe |
AppParameters | scripts\tracd-script.py -p 8080 ... |
Note that, if the AppDirectory is set as above, the paths of the executable and of the script name and parameter values are relative to the directory. This makes updating Python a little simpler because the change can be limited, here, to a single point. (This is true for the path to the .htpasswd file, as well, despite the documentation calling out the /full/path/to/htpasswd; however, you may not wish to store that file under the Python directory.)
For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use WINSERV utility and run:
"C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py <your tracd parameters>" net start tracd
Option 2
Use WindowsServiceScript, available at Trac Hacks. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service.
Using Authentication
Tracd provides support for both Basic and Digest authentication. Digest is considered more secure. The examples below use Digest; to use Basic authentication, replace --auth
with --basic-auth
in the command line.
The general format for using authentication is:
$ tracd -p port --auth="base_project_dir,password_file_path,realm" project_path
where:
- base_project_dir: the base directory of the project specified as follows:
- when serving multiple projects: relative to the
project_path
- when serving only a single project (
-s
): the name of the project directory
- when serving multiple projects: relative to the
Don't use an absolute path here as this won't work. Note: This parameter is case-sensitive even for environments on Windows.
- password_file_path: path to the password file
- realm: the realm name (can be anything)
- project_path: path of the project
--auth
in the above means use Digest authentication, replace--auth
with--basic-auth
if you want to use Basic auth. Although Basic authentication does not require a "realm", the command parser does, so the second comma is required, followed directly by the closing quote for an empty realm name.
Examples:
$ tracd -p 8080 \ --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" /path/to/project1
Of course, the password file can be be shared so that it is used for more than one project:
$ tracd -p 8080 \ --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \ --auth="project2,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \ /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
Another way to share the password file is to specify "*" for the project name:
$ tracd -p 8080 \ --auth="*,/path/to/users.htdigest,mycompany.com" \ /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file
This section describes how to use tracd
with Apache .htpasswd files.
To create a .htpasswd file use Apache's htpasswd
command (see below for a method to create these files without using Apache):
$ sudo htpasswd -c /path/to/env/.htpasswd username
then for additional users:
$ sudo htpasswd /path/to/env/.htpasswd username2
Then to start tracd
run something like this:
$ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="projectdirname,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /fullpath/environmentname
For example:
$ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="testenv,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /srv/tracenv/testenv
Note: You might need to pass "-m" as a parameter to htpasswd on some platforms (OpenBSD).
Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file
If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read this page from the Apache manual to get precise instructions. You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create. For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like users.htdigest
it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the trac.ini file.
Note that you can start tracd without the --auth argument, but if you click on the Login link you will get an error.
Generating Passwords Without Apache
Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this online HTTP Password generator. Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system.
You can use this simple Python script to generate a digest password file:
from optparse import OptionParser # The md5 module is deprecated in Python 2.5 try: from hashlib import md5 except ImportError: from md5 import md5 realm = 'trac' # build the options usage = "usage: %prog [options]" parser = OptionParser(usage=usage) parser.add_option("-u", "--username",action="store", dest="username", type = "string", help="the username for whom to generate a password") parser.add_option("-p", "--password",action="store", dest="password", type = "string", help="the password to use") parser.add_option("-r", "--realm",action="store", dest="realm", type = "string", help="the realm in which to create the digest") (options, args) = parser.parse_args() # check options if (options.username is None) or (options.password is None): parser.error("You must supply both the username and password") if (options.realm is not None): realm = options.realm # Generate the string to enter into the htdigest file kd = lambda x: md5(':'.join(x)).hexdigest() print ':'.join((options.username, realm, kd([options.username, realm, options.password])))
Note: If you use the above script you must set the realm in the --auth
argument to trac
. Example usage (assuming you saved the script as trac-digest.py):
$ python trac-digest.py -u username -p password >> c:\digest.txt $ tracd --port 8000 --auth=proj_name,c:\digest.txt,trac c:\path\to\proj_name
Using md5sum
It is possible to use md5sum
utility to generate digest-password file:
$ printf "${user}:trac:${password}" | md5sum - >>user.htdigest
and manually delete " -" from the end and add "${user}:trac:" to the start of line from 'to-file'.
Reference
Here's the online help, as a reminder (tracd --help
):
Usage: tracd [options] [projenv] ... Options: --version show program's version number and exit -h, --help show this help message and exit -a DIGESTAUTH, --auth=DIGESTAUTH [projectdir],[htdigest_file],[realm] --basic-auth=BASICAUTH [projectdir],[htpasswd_file],[realm] -p PORT, --port=PORT the port number to bind to -b HOSTNAME, --hostname=HOSTNAME the host name or IP address to bind to --protocol=PROTOCOL http|scgi|ajp -q, --unquote unquote PATH_INFO (may be needed when using ajp) --http10 use HTTP/1.0 protocol version (default) --http11 use HTTP/1.1 protocol version instead of HTTP/1.0 -e PARENTDIR, --env-parent-dir=PARENTDIR parent directory of the project environments --base-path=BASE_PATH the initial portion of the request URL's "path" -r, --auto-reload restart automatically when sources are modified -s, --single-env only serve a single project without the project list
Tips
Serving static content
If tracd
is the only web server used for the project,
it can also be used to distribute static content
(tarballs, Doxygen documentation, etc.)
This static content should be put in the $TRAC_ENV/htdocs
folder,
and is accessed by URLs like <project_URL>/chrome/site/...
.
Example: given a $TRAC_ENV/htdocs/software-0.1.tar.gz
file,
the corresponding relative URL would be /<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz
,
which in turn can be written as htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz
(TracLinks syntax) or [/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]
(relative link syntax).
Support for
htdocs:
TracLinks syntax was added in version 0.10
Using tracd behind a proxy
In some situations when you choose to use tracd behind Apache or another web server.
In this situation, you might experience issues with redirects, like being redirected to URLs with the wrong host or protocol. In this case (and only in this case), setting the [trac] use_base_url_for_redirect
to true
can help, as this will force Trac to use the value of [trac] base_url
for doing the redirects.
If you're using the AJP protocol to connect with tracd
(which is possible if you have flup installed), then you might experience problems with double quoting. Consider adding the --unquote
parameter.
See also TracOnWindowsIisAjp, TracNginxRecipe.
Serving a different base path than /
Tracd supports serving projects with different base urls than /<project>. The parameter name to change this is
$ tracd --base-path=/some/path
See also: TracInstall, TracCgi, TracModPython, TracGuide, Running tracd.exe as a Windows service